THE VERB (contd.).


The English verbs "shall," "will," "should," "would," "may," "might,"
when used as auxiliary verbs (viz., as mere signs of the future tense,
conditional or subjunctive moods respectively) are rendered by the
corresponding terminations of the Spanish verb[195]--

I shall go: Iré.
Thou wilt go: Irás.
We should go: Iríamos.
You would go: Vs. irían.
I hope he may succeed: Deseo que tenga buen éxito.
I wished he might come: Deseaba que viniese.

[Footnote 195: "Shall," "should," "will," "would," are also rendered by
the Subjunctive Mood when according to the Spanish rules the verb should
be Subjunctive. Example--

     It is (was) possible that he will (would) have to work late:
        Es (era) posible que tenga (tuviese) que trabajar tarde.]


When they are used as principal verbs they are translated by Deber
(shall, should), Querer (will and would), and Poder (may and might),
as--

You shall go: V. debe ir.
You may speak: V. puede hablar.
I will not buy more: No quiero comprar más.
You should accept our terms: Vs. deberían[196] aceptar nuestras
     condiciones.

We would willingly see that done: Quisiéramos mucho verlo hacer.

[Footnote 196: The Imperfect Indicative debía, podía, quería, is often
used for "debería," "podría," and "querría." This occurs also with other
verbs, colloquially: Yo se lo daba si estuviese aquí for Yo selo daría
si estuviese aquí.]


"Can" is translated by the pres. or future of Poder--

I can do it now: Puedo hacerlo ahora.
I can do it next month: Puedo or Podré hacerlo el mes próximo.

"Could" is translated by the imperfect indicative or the conditional
mood of Poder--

I did it whenever I could: Lo hacía siempre que podía.
I could do it if I had the necessary means: Podría hacerlo si tuviese
los medics necesarios.

"Would," meaning "used to," is, of course, translated by the imperfect
indicative--

When he was in Paris he would sit in the cafés for hours: Cuando estaba
en Paris se pasaba horas enteras en los cafés.

"Should he do," etc., is translated "if he should do," etc. (si lo
hiciese).[197]

"If I were to go" is translated "if I went" (si fuese).

[Footnote 197: After si (if--Conditional) the verb is present
indicative or imperfect subjunctive (see Lesson XXIV).]


"Can" is translated by saber when the faculty expressed is the result
of learning, as--

Can you play the piano? ¿Sabe V. tocar el pianoforte?

"To be to," "to have to" are translated by Tener que, Haber de or
Deber (see Lesson XXVII), as--

Who is to write out that invoice? ¿Quién ha de (debe) escribir aquella
    factura?
I have to be very careful: He de ser muy cuidadoso.
I shall have to work hard: Tendró que trabajar fuerte.

"Let" as a principal verb is translated by dejar or permitir; as an
auxiliary it corresponds to the Spanish imperative mood--

Let him speak: Déjele V. hablar, or Permítale V. que hable.
Let him ask for it and we shall give it to him: Pídalo (or que lo
pida) y se lo daremos.

"To let (or hire) a house"--"alquilar (una casa)"--I have let my house:
He alquilado mi casa.


     VOCABULARY.

abogar por to plead for
acoger to receive
agasajar to welcome
apurar to clear up, to investigate
arrancar to wrench, to pull out, also to date from
*atender á to attend
clases nocturnas evening classes
condiciones terms
*convenir en to agree, to acquiesce
cruzados twills[198]
culpado at fault
*despedir to dismiss
desteñido faded
detallado detailed, circumstantial
estrenar to use or wear a thing for the first time
estrenarse to commence, to make a start
farditos trusses[199]
fiados, book debts
el idioma, la lengua language
malversar to embezzle
nansús nainsooks
negociado division (Gov. Office)
oportunidad, opportunity, chance
pagaré promissory note, bill
parte report
perfeccionar to perfect
por poder per pro
tiro, largura length
tomar vuelo to develop, to increase

[Footnote 198: Also Aterlizados, asargados, diagonales.]

[Footnote 199: Small bales.]


                            EXERCISE 1 (85).

Translate into English--

1. Quiso acogerme generosamente en su casa, en donde fuí atendido y
agasajado durante el tiempo de mi estancia en X.

2. Le agradecería de veras una orden pues aun no me he estrenado hoy, y
V. debería dármela pues me la tiene prometida.

3. Los cruzados y los nansús se han puesto en farditos y estos se han
empacado cada cuatro en un fardo.

4. Avisamos á Vs. el envío por correo, de cortes (cuttings) de toda la
serie y observarán que son telas de muy buena vista (very sightly) y se
pueden pedir en cualquier tiro.

5. Les aconsejamos no tarden en colocar sus pedidos para lo que
necesiten.

6. Este negocio tomará mucho vuelo con el tiempo (in time).

7. Arrancan de muchos años los abuses que se cometen en ese Negociado.

8. Se han malversado cantidades de importancia.

9. El Ministro está ocupado en apurar los hechos, estando decidido á
castigar severamente á los que resultarán culpados.


                            EXERCISE 2 (86).

Translate into Spanish--

1. I shall make out a list of my book debts.

2. You would break (faltaría á) your word if you did not plead for him.

3. He should explain his conduct, otherwise he will be dismissed.

4. We shall oblige (contentar) him, but it must be under certain
conditions.

5. He is sending me to the Court (Tribunal) that I may watch (seguir)
that interesting case (proceso).

6. He sent his nephew here that he might learn our business methods
(métodos comerciales) and perfect his knowledge of the English language.

7. You may see for yourself (V. mismo) that the state of the market will
not justify (no justifica) buying (el comprar) at present.

8. They might be a little easier in their dealings.

9. Can you claim an indemnity for non-fulfilment of contract?

10. They could square up the account by signing[200] promissory notes at
4 and 6 months' time.

11. They ought to forewarn their agents.

12. He would insist on saying we were in the wrong.

13. Should they acquiesce to the terms of the arrangements, we authorise
you to sign it per pro.

14. Had he known the cloth was faded he would not have taken receipt of
(admitido) the bale.

15. Mr. Gómez is to visit the Estate (terreno) and send a circumstancial
report.

16. I shall let him attend (asistir á) the evening classes at the
Manchester School of Technology.

17. It is only fair that (es muy justo que) he should have a chance of
mastering (aprender á fondo) the art of spinning and weaving.

18. If he would only devote (si á lo menos dedicase) his attention (to
it).

[Footnote 200: See page 162.]