PERSONAL PRONOUNS (contd.).


Pronouns in the Disjunctive form occupy the same position in the
sentence as they do in English.

Pronouns in the Conjunctive form precede the verb, as--

Él los compró: He bought them.

Yo le mostraré á V. mi libro mayor y mi diario: I shall show you my
ledger and journal or day-book.

Mi cajero les pagará lo que les debo: My cashier will pay you what I owe
you.

Nos ha exhibido su libro de facturas: He showed us his invoice book.

Me cedió los valores y efectos en cartera: He made over to me his stock
of securities and bills.

El corredor le vió en la agencia de los vapores: The broker saw him at
the steamship agent's.


EXCEPTIONS--

1. When a sentence begins with a verb, especially if the sentence is a
long one, the Conjunctive pronoun may follow the verb, except when
this is in the Subjunctive Mood, as--

Bonificóle esta cantidad en cuenta corriente para no perder el cliente:
He credited him the amount in A/c current in order not to lose his
customer.

N.B.--Students should not indulge in this liberty until they have
acquired practice in the language. In conversation this change seldom
occurs. When the change is used the Subject Pronoun is generally left
understood.

2. When the verb is in the Infinitive Mood, Gerund, or Imperative
Mood,[78] the Conjunctive Pronoun must follow, and is joined to the
verb to form one word: as--


Lo mejor con estos géneros es venderlos en subasta:
The best thing with these goods is to sell them by auction.

Abandonándole la ganancia acabaremos con el asunto:
By giving up the profit to him, we shall end the matter.

Refiéralos V. á los armadores: Refer them to the shipowners.

Hágannos Vs. esta bonificación: Make us this allowance.

Cárguenos en cuenta este renglón: Debit this line to our account.

Abónenle la suma que reclama: Credit him with the amount he claims.

[Footnote 78: By Imperative Mood, we mean Imperative Mood Affirmative.
In Spanish there is no imperative mood negative, its place being taken by
the Present Subjunctive, as--

     Háblale tú: Speak to him.
     No le hables tú: Do not speak to him.]


If two Conjunctive pronouns meet, contrary to the English general rule,
the pronoun which stands as indirect object precedes the pronoun
standing as direct object,[79] as--

Ellos nos lo garantizan: They guarantee it to us.

If these two pronouns are both in the 3rd person, the indirect object is
changed into Se as--

Nosotros se lo vendimos: We sold it to him.
V. se lo mandó (á ella)[80]: You sent it to her.
Nosotros se lo aconsejamos (á ellos)[80]: We gave them that advice.
Yo se lo digo (á V.)[80]: I tell it to you.

[Footnote 79: Combinations of me and te are very rare, and then te
precedes whether direct or indirect object, the context clearly showing
the meaning. In such cases it is better, however, to use a disjunctive
form, for the indirect object, as--

     Él te da á mí: He gives thee to me.
     Él me da á tí: He gives me to thee.]

[Footnote 80: Á él, á ella, á V., etc., may be added for clearness, when
otherwise ambiguity might occur.]


     VOCABULARY.

administrador manager (of a branch house, etc.)
arancel custom-house tariff
aviso advice, notice
confianza trust, confidence
constantemente constantly
conveniente convenient, suitable
correo post, post office
*dar aviso to inform, to give notice to leave
*dar aviso de despedida to give notice of dismissal
de moda fashionable
devolver to give or send back
efectuar to effect
favorable favourable
fijar to fix
holgazán, haragán lazy
honrar to honour
indicar to indicate, to point out
largo long
noticia, noticias news
*poner en condiciones to enable
por or de, su cuenta on his account
el sobre the envelope
tomar nota to take note, to notice
venta sale


                            EXERCISE 1 (17).

Translate into English--

1. Me aprecia. Te necesita. Le manda. Lo cree. Nos halla. Os busca.

2. Son géneros de moda, los vende muy bien.

3. Son buenas plumas, las usamos constantemente.

4. Me escribe que te envía los sobres.

5. Le indica el medio más conveniente.

6. Nos honra con (with) su confianza.

7. Os fija sus límites.

8. Les da su cotización.

9. Creernos.

10. Mandarnos los presupuestos (estimates).

11. Venderles á crédito.

12. Dándonos sus instrucciones tan claras, nos pone en condiciones de
servirle á toda su satisfacción (his entire satisfaction).

13. Dígannos Vs. (tell us) la verdad.

14. Él me lo escribió.

15. Nosotros te lo mandaremos.

16. Él nos lo explicó.

17. Yo os lo enviaré.

18. Se lo escribiremos á él.

19. Se lo explicaremos á ella.

20. Compraron los géneros y se los vendieron á ellos.

21. Vendieron las telas y se las mandaron á ellas.

22. ¿Me lo dice V. (do you say) á mí?

23. Sí, Señor, se lo digo á V. mismo (I say it to you yourself)

24. Yo mismo lo mandé.

25. V. mismo me lo ha escrito.

26. Nosotros mismos no podríamos (could not) hacerlo mejor.

27. Él me lo dió (gave) á mí, y yo se lo entregué á él.

28. Su socio es mejor que él, y él es mejor que ella.

                            EXERCISE 2 (18).

Translate into Spanish--

1. Did you see (vió V.) the new Custom House tariff?

2. Yes, I saw (ví) it.

3. It is more favourable to us than the old.

4. We sent it to the manager of our Liverpool branch (sucursal).

5. We sent it to him yesterday; he will return it to us after he has
read it (después que lo haya leído).

6. Did you give (dió V.) it (m.) to me or to him?

7. I gave (dí) it to you, not to him.

8. Well (bien)! he says (dice) that he will not give it to me until you
tell him to do so (hasta que V. se lo diga).

9. He took it with him, and we took it with us.

10. I shall take it (f.) with me.[81]

11. Take it with thee.[81]

12. It is a long letter, but it is necessary to write it to-day.

13. Writing it to-day you are in time (á tiempo) for the post.

14. Mr. So-and-So gave more money to you than to me.

15. We have taken notice of it.

16. Take due notice of the contents (del contenido) of the letter.

17. Give him notice (aviso) of the sales you effected on (por) his
account.

18. There is nothing worthy of notice (no hay nada de particular) in our
market to-day.

19. I gave him notice because he is very lazy.

20. This circumstance (circunstancia) must have escaped your notice
(debe habérsele pasado por alto).

21. Do not take any notice of him (no le haga V. caso).

22. I gave notice to my landlord (propietario).

[Footnote 81: See next note.]