ORDINAL NUMBERS AND FRACTIONS


+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Primero[63]               1st  |Décimo sexto, etc.       16th|
|Segundo                   2nd  |Vigésimo                 20th|
|Tercero                   3rd  |Trigésimo                30th|
|Cuarto                    4th  |Cuadragésimo             40th|
|Quinto                    5th  |Quincuagésimo            50th|
|Sexto                     6th  |Sexagésimo               60th|
|Séptimo (Sétimo)          7th  |Septuagésimo             70th|
|Octavo                    8th  |Octogésimo               80th|
|Noveno (Nono)             9th  |Nonagésimo               90th|
|Décimo                    10th |Centésimo               100th|
|Décimo primero, Décimo         |Ducentésimo             200th|
|  primo, Undécimo,             |Tricentésimo            300th|
|  Onceno                  11th |Cuadrigentésimo         400th|
|Décimo segundo, duodécimo,     |Quingentésimo           500th|
|  Doceno                  12th |Sexcentésimo            600th|
|Décimo tercero, décimo         |Septingentésimo         700th|
|  tercio, Treceno         13th |Octingentésimo          800th|
|Décimo cuarto,                 |Novingentésimo          900th|
|   catorceno              14th |Milésimo              1,000th|
|Décimo quinto,                 |Millonésimo       1,000,000th|
|  quinceno                15th |Postrero, ultimo         Last|
+-------------------------------+-----------------+-----------+

[Footnote 63: Ordinal adjectives agree in gender and number with the
noun they accompany or for which they stand. Final o changes into a
for the feminine, and the plural is formed by adding s.]

"Primero," "tercero," and "Postrero" drop the O before a masculine
noun singular,[64] as--

El primer pedido: The first order.
El tercer lote: The third lot.
El postrer envío: The last shipment.

But--

La primera entrega (fem.): The first delivery.

[Footnote 64: Eight words in all present this peculiarity, viz., uno,
alguno, ninguno, bueno, malo, primero, tercero, postrero (these last
two not always).]

After "vigésimo" ordinal numbers are generally substituted by cardinal
numbers, as--

La página veintidós: Page 22nd.

Dates are expressed by cardinal numbers instead of ordinal, as--

Madrid, 20 (de) Agosto (de) 1911: Madrid, 20th of August, 1911.

EXCEPTION: El primero, as--

El 1° (primero) de Septiembre (1st September).

Numbers following names of kings, etc., are ordinal up to the tenth;
then generally cardinal, as--

Felipe II. (segundo): Philip II.
Alfonso XIII. (trece): Alphonso XIII.

Fractional numbers up to 1/10th are the same as ordinal numbers,
except--

(Un) medio: one half.
Un tercio (not tercero): one-third.

From 1/11th upwards, fractions are formed from cardinal numbers adding
to them the termination avo as--

Un dieciseisavo[65]: 1/16.

Un need not be used before the fractions 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4, preceded by
an integer, as--

Uno y cuarto: One and a quarter.
Cuatro y tercio: Four and a third.
La mitad: The half.
La tercera parte: The 3rd part.
La cuarta parte: The 4th part.
La duodécima parte: The 12th part.

[Footnote 65: If the cardinal number ends in a vowel, this is elided, as
veinte--un veintavo (1/20th). If it ends in ce the c is changed into
z as, doce--un dozavo (1/12th).]


Collective Numbers.

Un par: A pair.                 Una treintena: A set of 30.[66]
Una decena (half a score).[66]  Una centena: A set of 100.[66]
Una docena (a dozen).[66]       Un centenar: A set of 100.[66]
Una veintena: A score.[66]      Un ciento: A set of 100.[66]
                                Un millar: A set of 1,000.[66]


[Footnote 66: Also the number approximately, as: Una treintena de
libros: (about 30 books).]


Subjunctive Mood,[67] Present Tense.
+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
|     Hablar.         |    Temer.          |     Partir.          |
+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
|Que yo hable (That I |Que tema (that I may|Que parta (that I may |
|     may or shall    |     or shall fear).|     or shall depart).|
|     speak).         |                    |                      |
| "  tu hables        | "  temas           | "  partas            |
| "  él hable         | "  tema            | "  parta             |
| "  nosotros hablemos| "  temamos         | "  partamos          |
| "  vosotros habléis | "  temáis          | "  partáis           |
| "  ellos hablen     | "  teman           | "  partan            |
+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+

[Footnote 67: This tense is formed from the first person singular of the
present indicative by changing the last vowel into e for the 1st
conjugation and into a for the 2nd and 3rd conjugations. These remain
the ruling vowels throughout the tense.

N.B.--The Subjunctive Mood occurs only in dependent sentences when the
action is not expressed in a positive manner but is doubtful or merely
contingent.]


     VOCABULARY.

actual present
al por mayor, por menor wholesale, retail
arroz rice
artículo article
asociación de obreros trade union
blanquear to bleach
ya caigo I understand, I see
colocar to place
*conseguir to get
consignación consignment
contenido contents
decadencia decadence
delegado delegate
demasiado too, too much
difícil difficult
driles labrados figured drills
driles lisos plain drills
entrar á reinar to begin to reign
escoger, *elegir to choose, to select
extraño strange, queer, funny
el germen the germ
grueso thick, stout
hallar to find
ilustrado enlightened
incluyendo enclosing
limitar to limit
mientrastanto meanwhile
*obtener to get
peso weight
poder power
podríamos we should be able to, might, could
próximo next
rebaja abatement
rebajar, *reducir reduce, to abate
reducción abatement, reduction
reunión meeting
*salir to come, to go, out
*salir en to come to
solo (adj.), alone
sólo, solamente (adv.), only
sujeto á subject to
sumar to add
tocino bacon
tomar to take
varios several
verificarse to take place[68]
*verse obligado á to be compelled to[69]

[Footnote 68: Lit.: to verify itself.]

[Footnote 69: Lit.: to see oneself obliged.]


                            EXERCISE 1 (13).

Translate into English--

1. ¿Cuál envío han recibido Vs.?

2. Nos han llegado el primero y el cuarto, pero el tercer lote no ha
llegado todavía.

3. El postrer hombre á entrar en la reunión fué el delegado de la
asociación de obreros.

4. ¿(A) cuánto por libra cuesta este tocino?

5. Al por menor sale en seis peniques y cuarto, pero al por mayor
podríamos darlo á cinco y tercio ó talvez un poquito menos, digamos
(say) cinco y cinco dieciseisavos.

6. ¿Puede V. sumar tres dozavos y siete quinzavos?

7. Sí, Señor, esto hace ciento veintinueve cientiochentavos.

8. ¡Qué fracción tan extraña!

9. Lo es en efecto pero se da (it is given)[70] sólo por ejemplo.

10. ¡Ah, ya caigo!

11. Felipe II entró á reinar en 1556. Ningún soberano (sovereign) de
Europa podía competir en poder y en Estados con él, pero ya desde ese
tiempo se observan (are observed)[70] los gérmenes de la decadencia que
se verificó después.

12. Alfonso XIII actual rey de España es un monarca ilustrado y
constitucional.

13. La nueva España espera mucho de él.

14. El primero y el quince de cada (each) mes, la Compañía efectúa
(effects) sus pagos.

15. Hoy estamos á (to-day is) cinco de Junio de 1911.

[Footnote 70: The verb with SE is reflexive or passive: se da, it
gives itself or it is given; se observan, they observe themselves
or are observed.]


                            EXERCISE 2 (14).

Translate into Spanish--

1. I shall be compelled (me veré obligado á) to abandon this
undertaking. It is too difficult.

2. We received a consignment of rice, but the price demanded (pedido),
2-15/16d. a lb., is too dear; we shall never be able (nunca podremos) to
get it; a better quality (calidad), whiter and stouter, was placed at
2-29/32d. but (sólo) a few days ago (hace algunos días).

3. If you cannot sell your plain and figured drills at the figures
quoted it will be necessary to abate the price.

4. I shall accept those bleached linens subject to an abatement of 5 per
cent.

5. We shall consult our partners; meanwhile let us leave (dejemos)[71]
the matter in abeyance (en suspenso).


6. He has chosen several designs (diseños, dibujos) for his lot of
prints, but he finds that three of them are wrong (están equivocados).

7. Some firms always give wrong (falsos, inexactos) weights in their
declarations.

8. He ordered the wrong article (un ... por otro).

9. You are wrong (V. se equivoca), it is the right (justo, exacto)
article.

10. This cloth is finished on the wrong side (al revés).

11. We received your favour (su atenta) of 10th instant (del corriente),
enclosing copy of your previous letter 1st ult. (p°, p°.) and have taken
note of its contents.

12. By next mail (mala) we shall send you all the details required (que
Vs. necesitan).

[Footnote 71: The Imperative Mood is like the Pres. Subj., except in the
2nd Person.]